Syllabus
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Course Code: IN-BTY-101 Course Name: Biomolecules |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Biomolecules: Introduction, important features, covalent and non-covalent interactions. Carbohydrates: Introduction and Biological Significance. Definition and classification: Monosaccharides; families of monosaccharides; simple aldoses and ketoses, Configuration and Conformation, Stereoisomerism/ Asymmetric centres, Fischer and Haworth projection formula, pyranose and furanose ring forms, reducing and non-reducing sugars, sugar derivatives viz. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, deoxy sugars, acidic sugars, Glycosidic bond Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides: Definition, structure and function of important di and oligosaccharides viz. lactose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, stachyose, verbascose etc. Polysaccharides: Homo and Hetero polysaccharides, storage polysaccharides: Starch and Glycogen. Structural polysaccharides: Cellulose and Chitin. A brief account of structure and function of mucopolysaccharides/Glycosaminoglycans (Hyaluronic acid, Chondroitin sulphate), Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. Lipids: Introduction and Classification – simple and complex lipids, Fatty acids - structure and nomenclature, soap value, acid value, iodine number, rancidity. Essential fatty acids. A general account of structure and function of triacylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, steroids, bile acids, bile salts and terpenes |
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| 2 | Amino acids and Peptides: Classification and structure of amino acids, essential amino acids, rare and non-protein amino acids, optical and chemical properties of amino acids; acid-base behavior/zwitterions; pKa value and titration curve. Peptide bond – nature and characteristics.Definition; structure and function of some biologically important peptides. Proteins: Classification based on structure and function. Structural organization of proteins: Primary structure; Secondary structure-α-Helix, β- pleats and β - turn Tertiary structure – myoglobin and lysozyme etc. Quaternary structure-hemoglobin.Forces stabilizing different structural levels. Amino acid analysis/N-terminal amino acid analysis- Sanger’s method, Edmann’s degradation, Dansyl chloride and Dabsyl chloride Nucleotides and Nucleic acids: Building blocks: bases, sugars and phosphates. Structure and nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides; polynucleotides, DNA (A, B, Z-DNA) and RNA (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA).Properties of DNA - absorption, denaturation, renaturation, hybridization, Tm/Cot values.Biologically important nucleotides and their functions - ATP, GTP, Coenzyme A, NAD+, FAD and cAMP. |
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