Syllabus
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Course Code: BS-141 Course Name: Biology |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Introduction to living world: Concept and definition of Biology; Importance of biology in major discoveries of life Characteristic features of living organisms; Cell ultra -structure and functions of cell organelles like nucleus, mitochondria,chloroplast, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum; Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Difference between animal and plant cell. Classification of organisms: Classify the organisms on the basis of (a) Cellularity;- Unicellular and Multicellular organisms. (b) Energy and Carbon Utilization:- Autotrophs, Heterotrophs and Lithotrophs (c) Habitat (d) Ammonia excretion: - ammonotelic, 23ricotelic and ureotelic. (e) Habitat- aquatic or terrestrial (e) Molecular taxonomy- three major kingdoms of life |
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| 2 | Introduction to Biomolecules: Definition, general classification and important functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA: Structure and forms). Hierarchy in protein structure : Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Proteins as enzymes, transporters, receptors and structural elements. Enzymes as biocatalysts: General characteristics, nomenclature and classification of Enzymes. Effect of temperature, Ph, enzyme and substrate concentrations on the activity of enzymes. Elementary concept of and coenzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action. Enzyme kinetics and kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) |
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| 3 | Genetics:-Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Variation and speciation. Concepts of recessiveness and dominance. Genetic Disorders: Single gene disorders in humans. Human traits: Genetics of blood groups, diabetes type I & II. Cell Division:- Mitosis and its utility to living systems. Meiosis and its genetic significance. Evidence of nucleic acids as a genetic material. Central Dogma of molecular biology 4. Role of immune system in health and disease : Brief introduction to morphology and pathogenicity o f bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa beneficial and harmful for human beings. |
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| 4 | Metabolism:-Concept of Exothermic and endothermic reactions. Concept of standard free energy and Spontaneity in biological reactions. Catabolism (Glycolysis and Krebs cycle) and synthesis of glucose (Photosynthesis: - Light and Dark Reaction) of glucose. ATP as Energy Currency of the cell Microbiology: Concept of species and strains, sterilization and media compositions, growth kinetics. Role of Biology :Role of Biology in Agriculture, Medicine, Forensic science, Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology, Micro - electromechanical systems ( Bio -MEMS) and Sensors (Biosensors). |
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