Syllabus
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Course Code: BT-301 Course Name: Plant Biotechnology |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Plant genetic transformation: Organization of plant genome – Nuclear genome, Chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome. Gene tagging. Chloroplast transformation – vector designing, method and advantages. Agrobacterium mediated transformation – Ti and Ri plasmids, role of virulence genes, mechanism of T-DNA transfer, vectors based on Ti and Ri plasmids – cointegrate and binary vectors, technique and factors affecting Agrobacterium mediated transformation of plants. Direct gene transfer – particle bombardment, ArF excimer laser, electroporation, microinjection and alternative methods. Screen able and selectable markers, Analysis of transgenic plants: for the presence, integration and expression of transgenes and by biological assays. Gene silencing in transgenic plants. Gene stacking in plants: methods, advantages and drawbacks of each method. |
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| 2 | Strategies for introducing biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance: Viral resistance; Fungal resistance; Insect resistance; Herbicide resistance; Various abiotic stresses (like drought, salinity, temperature). Genetic engineering of plants for molecular farming/pharming: Production of antibodies, vaccines and other medically related proteins in plants. Nutritional enhancement of plants (carbohydrates, seed storage proteins, vitamins), manipulation of flower colours and production of enzymes of industrial importance. |
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| 3 | Plant cells as bio factories for the production of secondary metabolites: Secondary metabolites, types of cell culture systems used for production of secondary metabolites and advantages of their in vitro production. Strategies used for high yield of product – development and selection of high yielding cell line cultures, optimization of factors affecting yield of plant cells (physical culture conditions, media and other biochemicals), Immobilization of plant cells, Bioreactors for plant cell, organ and immobilized plant cell cultures, biotransformation, permeabilization of cells and removal of secreted products. |
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| 4 | Intellectual Property Rights, Biosafety and Ethical Issues: Intellectual property rights (IPR): Patents, trade secrets, copyright, Geographical indications, trademarks; GATT & TRIPPS; Patenting of biological material; Plant breeders rights (PBRs) and farmers rights; Clean gene technology; Current status of transgenic crops; Bane and boon of GM crops; Concerns about GM crops– environmental, biosafety and ethical issues. | |
