Syllabus
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Course Code: MMB-303 Course Name: Microbial Pathogenicity |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Classical view of microbial pathogenicity: Define pathogenicity and virulence; Quantitative measures of pathogenicity: minimal lethal dose (MLD), LD50, ID50, TCID50. Virulence determinants: colonization, toxins, enzymes and invasiveness. Facultative / obligate intracellular pathogens. Molecular microbial pathogenicity: Molecular Koch’s postulates, multiplicity of virulence determinants, coordinated regulation of virulence genes, and environmental regulation of virulence determinants by two component signal transudation systems, antigenic variation; clonal and panmictic nature of microbial pathogens, type three secretion system (TTSS, T3SS), Role of biofilms and quorum sensing in microbial pathogenecity. |
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| 2 | The spread of microbes through the body: direct and indirect spread, microbial factor
promoting spread, spread via lymphatic, blood and via other pathways. Microbial strategies in relation to immune responses: Immune tolerance immune suppression, molecular mimicry, induction of ineffective antibodies antibody mopping, antigenic variation, avoidance of immune responses and interference to immune response induction. Mechanisms of tissue inquiry in relation to bacterial infection: infection with no cell or tissue damages, direct damage by micro-organisms, microbial toxins, extra cellular enzymes, indirect damage via inflammation, immune responses. |
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| 3 | Emerging and re-emerging pathogens: Illustrate emerging and re-emerging pathogens using V. cholerae 0139, X-MDR M. tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Cryptosoridiumparvum, Bird/swine flu, AIDS and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, opportunistic fungal pathogens. Mechanisms of emergence of new pathogens: horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and pathogenicity islands (PAI). Molecular microbial epidemiology: Objectives of microbial epidemiology. Biochemical and Immunological tools - biotyping, serotyping, phage typing, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE); Molecular typing: RAPD, rep (REP, ERIC, BOX)-PCR, IS based typing, PFGE, AFLP, MLST, VNTR and whole genome sequence; Use of geographical information system (GIS) for microbial epidemiology. |
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| 4 | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) : Recent concepts – Multidrug efflux pumps, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), X-MDR M. tuberculosis, Methacillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Role of integrons. Rapid diagnostic principles: Nucleic acid probes in diagnostic microbiology, nucleic acid amplification methods, Real-time PCR, Lateral flow assays, diagnostic sequencing and mutation detection, automated instruments for detection / diagnosis of infectious agents (BACTAC and Vitek-2, GeneExpert). |
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