Syllabus
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Course Code: MMB-202 Course Name: Microbial Genetics & Molecular Biology II |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Transcription: History : linking genes and proteins , evidence for mRNA, transcription v/s replication : similiarities and differences. General principle and steps of transcription: basic apparatus , initiation , elongation and termination. Classes of RNA : rRNA, mRNA and tRNA, structure and function . Types of RNA polymerases: prokaryotic and eukaryotic , structure of prokaryotic RNA polymerase, Monocistronic and polycistronic RNA, transcription bubble, structure of promoter, DNA binding assay for promoter finding , Abortive transcription, Regulation of transcription, Alternate sigma factor , rho dependent and independent termination , hairpin structure for termination . Brief idea of transcription in eukaryotes |
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| 2 | Maturation and processing of RNA: Primary transcript, coding and non coding RNA, rRNA processing: Methylation and nucleolytic cleavage and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), tRNA processing : cutting and degradation of tRNA, ribozymes , mRNA processing : poly A tail, capping, introns and its types and exons and their structure, splicing mechanism , transesterification reaction, self splicing and spliceosomes. Alternative poly A site and alternative splicing. RNA editing and RNA interference (RNAi), miRNA. CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes. |
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| 3 | Translation: Basic features of genetic code: Triplet code, deciphering of genetic code, degeneracy, characteristics of genetic code, variation in different organisms, universality ,wobble hypothesis, significance of genetic code. Central dogma, Basic steps of translation: basic apparatus, initiation, elongation, termination, coupled transcription and translation, aminoacylsite(A site), peptidyl site (P site) and E site , initiation, elongation and termination factors, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, leader sequences, in vitro translation system. Post translational modifications. Brief idea of translation in eukaryotes. |
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| 4 | Regulation of gene expression: Constitutive and inducible genes, Operon concept, structural genes, promoter, operator ,regulator genes , concept of inducer and repressor ,catabolite repression, Positive and negative regulation, lac, different mutations study of lac operon, trp operon and concept of attenuation and ara operon, stringent response, ppGpp, cAMP as regulatory molecules. |
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