Syllabus
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Course Code: MMB-102 Course Name: Microbial Genetics & Molecular Biology I |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | Essentials of nucleic acid: A brief overview of microbial genetics. Beginning of experimental proof of DNA as genetic material: Transforming principle, Experiments of Griffith, Macleod, Avery, McCarty, Hershey and Chase. RNA as a genetic material. DNA and RNA structure : X-ray crystallography, chargaff’s rules, phosphodiester bond, glycosidic bond, Watson and crick model of DNA, unusual structures and different types of DNA. Brief account of organization of eukaryotic genomes, packaging of DNA as nucleosomes. DNA denaturation, DNA melting, Tm value, Renaturation kinetics, Cot value, C-value paradox, repetitive DNA. Relaxed DNA, positive and negative supercoiling, overwinding and underwinding and its significance, Topological properties, linking no, twist and writhe, superhelical density, topoisomers, mechanism of action of topoisomerases and DNA gyrases |
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| 2 | Maintenance of Structure of DNA. DNA damage and repair: photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, SOS and error prone repair, and Recombination repair. Mutation : spontaneous and induced mutation, types of point mutation, consequences of point mutation, molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation, Base analogues, chemical mutagens, intercalating agent, radiation as mutagens, mutation rate, reversion and suppression, Ames test, significance and harmful effects of mutations. Transposable genetic elements: structure of transposon, IS sequences, bacterial transposon, composite transposon, Tn3 transposon, phage Mu, replication and maturation of Mu DNA, mechanism and significance of transposition: duplication of a target sequences at an insertion sequences, replicative transposition, non replicative transposition, cointegrate as an intermediate in transposition of Tn3.Genetic phenomenon mediated by transposon in bacteria, |
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| 3 | Maintenance of genetic information: Overview of DNA replication: initiation, elongation and termination, unidirectional and bidirectional replication, replication fork, origin of replication. primosomes, replisomes. Enzymology of DNA replication: different types of DNA polymerases, exonuclease , Nick translation and proof reading function. Different modes of DNA replication, rolling circle model of replication,Semiconservative replication , Meselson –Stahl experiment, priming reactions, leading and lagging strand synthesis ,okazaki fragments. Replication in retroviruses. Plasmid replication. Regulation of bacterial chromosome replication. Inhibitors of DNA replication. Relationship between cell cycle and replication. Brief idea of eukaryotic replication |
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| 4 | Genetic recombination in Bacteria: Horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Bacterial Conjugation: Sex Factor, chromosomal transfer by F+ culture, Hfr , isolation of Hfr strains, F +× F- cross, Hfr transfer, interrupted mating and time of entry mapping genes in bacteria, rate of chromosome transfer, Isolation of F’ plasmids, Bacterial Transformation: discovery of transformation, competence, DNA uptake, molecular mechanism of transformation, mapping by transformation. Bacterial Transduction- DNA transfer by phages, lytic and lysogenic cycle, Specialized and generalized transduction. co- transduction and linkage , mapping by co-transduction. |
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