Syllabus
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Course Code: M-Z 202 Course Name: Comparative Physiology |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | 1.0 Digestion 1.1Feeding mechanisms and regulation, 1.2 Comparative physiology of digestion and absorption in different animal groups 2.0 Respiration 2.1 Respiratory organs, Types of respiration, mechanism of breathing 2.2 Transport of respiratory gases 2.3 Respiratory pigments through different phylogenetic groups. 2.4 Physiological response to oxygen deficient stress. 3.0 Excretion 3.1 Patterns of nitrogen excretion among different animal groups 3.2 Functional anatomy of renal unit; mechanisms of ultrafiltration, Counter Current mechanism, Dialysis 4.0 Osmoregulation in different animal groups 4.1 Definition and basic classification of organisms on the basis of osmoregulation 4.2 Osmotic challenges of different environments 4.3 Mechanism of Osmoregulation in fresh water, Estaurine and Marine animals 4.4 Osmoregulation in migratory organisms, Control and regulation of osmoregulation |
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| 2 | 5.0 Thermoregulation 5.1 Homeothermic animals, Poikilotherms, Hibernation and Aestivation, 5.2 Physical, chemical, neural regulation, 5.3 Physiological adaptations acclimatization & acclimation in response to high, low ambient temperature 6.0 Circulation of body fluids and their regulation among different animal groups 6.1 Systems of circulation, heart beat and blood pressure, 6.2 Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output and its regulation, 6.3 Lymphatic system 7.0 Receptor physiology – a comparative study of Mechanoreception, Photoreception, Chemoreception and Equilibrium reception 8.0 Muscle and Contractile physiology 8.1 Contractile elements, cells and tissues among different phylogenic groups; Muscle structure and function-correlation; 8.2 Electric organs and tissues |
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| 3 | 9.0 Comparative testicular physiology in animals 9.1 Morphology, Differentiation, Function and its regulation 10.0 Comparative ovarian physiology and differentiation in vertebrates 10.1 Morphology, Endocrinolgy, Oogensis vitellogensis 11.0 Neuronal physiology 11.1 Structure and classification of neurons and glial cells. 11.2 Synaptic action, dendritic properties and functional operation of spinal cord, Brain stem 11.3 Autonomic nervous system. |
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| 4 | 12.0 Principles of synaptic transmission 12.1. Ca2+ and transmitter release; post synaptic transmission mechanism; 12.2. diversity of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, catecholamine, serotonin, GABA, glycine, histamine, peptides, NO, and opiods. 13.0 Physiological adaptations to different environments 13.1Physiological adaptations acclimatization & acclimation in response to high, low ambient temperature, 13.2 physiological adaptation at high altitude and in deep sea environment. 14.0 Stress Physiology Concept of Stress and Strain, Stress hormones and stress regulatory mechanisms. |
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