Syllabus
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Course Code: BOT-103 Course Name: Cytogenetics & plant breeding |
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| MODULE NO / UNIT | COURSE SYLLABUS CONTENTS OF MODULE | NOTES |
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| 1 | 1. Chromatin structure and organization: Chromosome structure and DNA packaging; euchromatin and heterochromatin. 2. Organization of plastid and mitochondrial genomes. 3. Special Chromosomes: Structure, occurrence and behaviour of polytene, lampbrush, B and sex chromosomes. 4. Karyotype: Karyotype analysis and its evolution; FISH, GISH and flow cytometery. |
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| 2 | 5. Cell cycle: Cell cycle phases, checkpoints and regulation. 6. Chromosome banding techniques and their applications. 7. Linkage and crossing over: Molecular mechanism of crossing over and role of different enzymes; linkage groups. 8. Chromosome mapping- Two point and three point test crosses. |
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| 3 | 9. Sex determination: Chromosomal and gene determining sex in plants, animals, Drosophila and humans; Gene dosage compensation. 10. Structural alterations in chromosomes – Origin, meiosis and breeding behaviour of duplication, deficiency, inversion and translocation heterozygotes. 11. Variation in chromosome number: Haploids, aneuploids and euploids- origin, production, effects and uses; polyploidy and crop improvement. |
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| 4 | 12. Principles of plant breeding: Principles and objectives; methods of breeding self and cross pollinated crops, heterosis and hybrid vigour; utility of hybrids in genetics and plant breeding. 13. Asexual breeding systems: Methods of breeding of vegetatively propagated crops; Non- conventional methods; gene variability. 14. Male sterility: Concept; classification; genetic control; inheritance pattern and breeding utility. |
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